What safety risks are associated with oil transformers and how are they mitigated?

Main risks include fire from internal faults, oil leaks that create slip and environmental hazards, and explosive events from arcing that generates gas pressure. Mitigation includes proper protection relays, pressure relief devices, Buchholz relay on conservator units, temperature and oil level monitoring, and periodic oil testing such as DGA and moisture. Substations use bunds, pits, or sumps for containment, fire barriers or separation distances, and good grounding. Using higher fire point fluids like natural or synthetic esters can further reduce fire risk.