how do phase shifting transformers work?

Phase shifting transformers (PSTs) are specialized transformers used to control the flow of power in electrical networks by altering the phase angle between input and output voltages. They achieve this by using multiple windings and tap settings to create a phase shift, typically ranging from 0 to 30 degrees. By adjusting the phase angle, PSTs can manage power distribution, reduce congestion, and enhance system stability, allowing for more efficient operation of interconnected power systems.