How does a dry type transformer vs oil immersed transformer compare in safety and cooling?

Dry type transformers generally offer lower spill risk and often improved fire behavior in indoor environments, especially cast resin designs, making them attractive for buildings, tunnels, and sensitive sites. Oil immersed transformers typically provide superior cooling efficiency and higher feasible MVA ratings in compact footprints, but they require containment, leak management, and fire mitigation. Cooling in dry types relies on air flow and surface area, while oil immersed designs use liquid convection or forced circulation for better heat removal from internal hot spots.