Price is driven by what the tester measures and how accurately. A simple field BDV set costs less than multi parameter analyzers that include moisture, tan delta, resistivity, and temperature. Compliance with IEC and ASTM methods, calibration traceability, electrode cell quality, and automation features also increase cost. Ruggedness for substation use, battery operation, data logging, cloud reporting, and service support contracts add to total cost. Finally, local certification requirements and import duties can materially change the delivered price in different markets.